Weareenteringintoaneraofre-awakeningoftheimportanceandinterestinthe role ofaltered intermediary metabolisminthedevelopmentandprogressionof malignancy. Therefore, thisbookMitochondriaandCanceristimelyandrelevant tocontemporaryandfutureresearch, training, andeducation. Thehallmarkstudies ofOttoWarburgetal. (1926)sparkedtheeraoftumorcellmetabolism. Fromthen untilaround1980, studiesofintermediarymetabolismofnormalandmalignant cellsweremajorareasofresearchandofgraduateandpostgraduatetrainingin biomedicalsciences. Thisperiodwasdominatedbymitochondrialstudiesandby thoseextraordinaryoutstandingscientistswhowereaffectionatelyreferredtoasthe "mitochondriacs." However, theadvent, development, andsubsequentdominance ofmoleculargenetics/molecularbiologyandmoleculartechnologyinbiomedical researchwereaccompaniedbythenearlycompletesubmersionofinterestinareas ofintermediarymetabolismandtumorcellmetabolism. Forthepast30orsoyears, graduateandpostgraduatetraining, experienceandfocusinbiochemistry, meta- lism, enzymology, cellphysiologyhavedeclined, beingdisplacedbythedo- nanceofmoleculartechnologies. Therecentrevelationsandadvancesinmolecular genetics/molecularbiologyandthedevelopmentofmolecularandnanotechnology providenewdimensionstoapplytotheunderstandingandelucidationoftheroleof intermediarymetabolismandmitochondrialfunctioninthedevelopmentandp- gressionofcancers. Toaddresstheissuesoftumormetabolism, thepresentand futuregenerationsofresearchersmustintegratetheknowledgeandmethods of biochemistrywiththeknowledgeandtechnologyofmolecularbiology. Thefocusonmitochondriaiscentraltodiscussionsandissuesofintermediary metabolism. Thegenetictransformationofnormalfunctionalcellstoneoplastic cellsimposestheneedforalterationsinintermediarymetabolismandmitochond- alfunctiontoprovidethebioenergetic/synthetic/growthrequirementsforthep- gression of the neoplastic cell to malignancy. In the absence of the metabolic transformation, theneoplasticmalignantcellwillnotachieveitsmalignantpot- tial. Thus, itiscriticaltoestablishtheroleofthemitochondriainthemalignant process. Moreover, speci?calterationsindifferentcancertypesmustbeidenti?ed. Such information will provide new approaches to the treatment and perhaps preventionofdifferingcancers. TheadventofMetabolomicsforthedetectionof v vi Preface cancer and progression of malignancy is dependent upon the elucidation and identi?cationofalteredmetabolismandmitochondrialfunction. Thus, thisexciting journeyincancerresearchhasbarelybegunandhasalongwaytogo. Thisbook, Mitochondria and Cancer, and its subject matter provide a roadmap and the preparationtoproceedonthisjourney. Wearegreatlyindebtedtothecontributingauthorsfortheirenthusiasticsupport andwritingachapterintheirareaofexpertise. WearegratefultoMs. DonnaOvak for secretarial help and our families for their patience and support in putting togetherthisbook. Thisbookisdedicatedtopast, present, andfuture"mitoch- driacs"aroundtheworld. Buffalo, NY KeshavK. Singh Baltimore, MD LeslieC. Costello Contents MitochondriaandCancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 KjerstinM. Owens, J. S. Modica-Napolitano, andKeshavK. Singh WarburgandhisLegacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 MichaelRistowandTimJ. Schulz TheLipogenicSwitchinCancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 KoenBrusselmansandJohannesV. Swinnen CitrateMetabolisminProstateandOtherCancers . .

This book is written by Dr. KESHAV SINGH, Dr. GORAKH NATH, Mr. DEEPAK KUMAR BHARTIYA, and Dr. ADARSH PAL VIG and is edited and technically improved by Dr. DEBMALYA BARH. The book provides a comprehensive detail of vermicomposting and its various applications in eco-friendly organic farming supported by authors' own experimental data. The book is divided into 11 chapters that provide why earthworm is important in modern agriculture; how the vermicompost and the vermiwash can be produced; socio-economic impacts of vermicomposting; and a detail account of "meaningful uses" of various vermicomposts to improve soil fertility and yield and quality of various crops supported by 15 illustrations. 382 suggested readings including references that are used in this work are also provided at the end of the book. Authors hope that the book will be very useful in various ways to encourage and learn organic farming and eco-friendly agricultural practices using earthworm. This book is one of the initiatives of Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB) in promoting Indian researchers, higher education, R&D, sustainable agriculture, and ecology and environmental awareness.